What is tetanus?

Tetanus is characterized by persistent painful muscle contractions and spasms, most commonly in the jaw and neck, hence the common name “lockjaw”. 

 

Which microbe causes tetanus?

• Tetanus is a disease caused by Clostridium tetani, a bacterium.

• Clostridium tetani forms spores to survive environmentally challenging conditions such as little or no oxygen, high or low salinity, high or low acidity, high or low temperature.

• We get tetanus when the bacterial spores get into a wound often in the skin.

  • The spores in the wound give rise to new bacteria that produce the toxin responsible for tetanus.

  • The toxin blocks the nerves that help our muscles relax, hence the persistent painful muscle contractions and spasms.

 

Are there different types of tetanus?

Yes, there are 3 different forms of tetanus

• Localized tetanus. When it is confined to the head, there is a lower chance of recovering from it.

• Tetanus of babies. It is often the result of cutting the umbilical cord of the newborn with unsterilized tools. Can lead to increased chances of death.

•  Whole body tetanus is the most common form. The person will show sustained contraction of the jaw muscles, hence the name lockjaw.

 

Are there treatments for tetanus?

• Yes. If you believe you are having symptoms of tetanus, consult your physician immediately for the appropriate treatment.

 

Are there vaccines for tetanus?

• Yes, consult your physician for the appropriate vaccine. For tetanus, it is best to get the vaccine rather than getting a potentially fatal disease.